在鱼的共同祖先中存在突关节,但在没有鱼的鱼中缺乏
Neelima Sharma1, Yara Haridy1, Neil Shubin1
1Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
PLoS biology
|February 25, 2025
概括
关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节关节 带有关节表面的早期形式出现在皮肤骨中,在软骨中出现突关节,后来在椎动物中发展.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 古生物学的古生物学
背景情况:
- 突关节允许通过滑的,接的表面进行移动和承载.
- 了解突关节的进化起源是脊椎动物功能形态学的关键.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查弹性支骨和环状支骨来研究突关节的早期演变.
- 确定早期突关节发育的形态,遗传和分子特征.
主要方法:
- 在elasmobranchs (小滑板,竹) 和cyclostomes (海,鱼) 的关节形态的比较分析.
- 在小滑冰鞋中,针对与滑相关的分子 (aggrecan,CD44) 进行免疫覆盖.
- 对小滑板胚胎关节发育的分析,包括基因表达 (Gdf5,β-catenin) 和肌肉的影响.
主要成果:
- 在elasmobranchs中发现了有关节的,有洞的关节,但不是在cyclostomes中.
- 在小滑板关节中存在滑分子 (aggrecan,CD44) 和发育基因 (Gdf5,β-catenin).
- 肌肉活动对于三腔的形成和关节表面的发育至关重要,类似于四足动物的小滑板.
结论:
- 突关节很可能起源于现存的 gnathostomes 的共同祖先.
- 关节的关节表面在状脊椎动物的共同祖先的皮肤骨架中进化.
- 软骨组织内的突关节代表了后来的一种gnathostome创新.
相关概念视频
01:16Structural Joints: Synovial Joints
3.3K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
3.3K
01:07Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
1.3K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
1.3K
01:17Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints
2.1K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
2.1K
01:20Structural Classification of Joints
3.1K
Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
3.1K
01:03Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints
1.9K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
1.9K
00:58Introduction to Joints
2.8K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
2.8K