在幼虫养方面的创新促进了女王和工人的分歧和社会复杂性
Arthur Matte1,2, Adria C LeBoeuf1,2
1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom.
概括
通过控制幼虫的发育,进化出复杂的社会. 增强的成年人养护理导致了不同的女王和工人种姓,推动了社会复杂性和这些昆虫的专业化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 昆虫的社会行为
- 进行比较的基因组学.
背景情况:
- 多细胞生物面临着从遗传上相同的单元中发展出不同的细胞类型的挑战.
- 在中,成人的幼虫食决定了种姓 (繁殖或工作者),在不同物种之间存在显著的差异.
- 女王和工人种之间的表型差异与幼虫护理策略密切相关.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究幼虫养,种姓大小变态和社会复杂性之间的进化联系.
- 了解幼虫发育的变化如何影响社会多样化.
- 探索家长关怀在跨多样性塑造社会演变中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在的多样性中进行比较的家族遗传分析.
- 因果推理建模以建立特征之间的关系.
- 数字化了700多种物种的幼虫形态数据.
- 关于的饮食,幼虫的养行为,种姓二态,殖民地大小和工人繁殖的数据汇编.
主要成果:
- 祖先主动养的幼虫随着个体成年人养的出现,发展出被动形态,通常是加工食品和非掠食性饮食.
- 增加的女王-工人尺寸变态与幼虫被动性和社会复杂性的特征相关 (更大的殖民地,工人亚种,工人繁殖减少).
- 遗传学模型支持,扩展全亲子关怀促进了种姓二态化,随着殖民地规模的增加,增强了社会复杂性.
结论:
- 成人对幼虫发育的增强控制促进了殖民地内的更大的表型专业化.
- 这种专业化在复杂的社会进化中起到了至关重要的作用.
- 这些发现提供了对发展控制对自然社会进化的更广泛影响的见解.
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