孕产妇不良照顾对青少年和青少年的下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴功能的长期影响
Kai McCormack1,2, Sara Bramlett2,3, Elyse L Morin2,3
1Department of Psychology, Spelman College, 350 Spelman Lane, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
Biology
|February 26, 2025
概括
的早期生命逆境 (ELA) 暂时扰乱了下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴,特别是在第一年. 后来HPA轴的功能正常化,这表明对早期虐待的影响有弹性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 生命早期的逆境 (ELA) 是精神病理学的风险因素.
- 对于ELA对应激反应系统的影响,例如下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴,尚未完全理解.
- 翻译模型对于研究ELA的长期影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究早期虐待对 rhesus macaques HPA 轴发育和功能的长期影响.
- 使用交叉培养设计控制遗传和产前因素.
- 在早期逆境后的青少年和青少年时期评估HPA轴功能.
主要方法:
- 在 rhesus macaques 中使用了婴儿虐待的翻译模型,并采用了交叉培养设计.
- 通过德甲抑制试验 (DST) 测量了白天皮质醇 (CORT) 节律和葡萄糖皮质醇的负面反.
- 在婴儿,青少年 (12,18个月) 和青少年晚期 (~5岁) 阶段长度评估HPA轴功能.
主要成果:
- 暴露于虐待 (MALT) 的幼在12个月后表现出更高的白天CORT和受损的负面反.
- 在MALT和对照组之间的这些HPA轴差异在18个月和青春期晚期消失了.
- 随着时间的推移,白天CORT节律的性别差异出现或加强,独立于ELA组.
结论:
- 早期生活中的虐待在生命的第一年期间暂时调节HPA轴.
- 在青少年和青少年时期,HPA轴的功能似乎恢复正常,这表明潜在的弹性.
- 研究结果支持在不良经历后对HPA轴重新校准的概念,这对精神病理学和弹性有影响.
相关概念视频
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
58.9K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
58.9K
Adrenal Gland Disorders
1.3K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
1.3K
Physiological Foundation of Stress
40
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
40


