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相关概念视频

Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature

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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
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Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving01:20

Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving

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There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
In order to solve a problem related to heat transfer, first of all, the situation needs to be examined to determine the type of heat transfer involved. This could...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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局部平衡在短暂的传导热的局部平衡.

Kirill Glavatskiy1

  • 1School of Information and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
概括

本研究引入了扩展不可逆热力学 (EIT) 的新方法,用于建模快速运输现象. 它在不放弃局部平衡假设的情况下保持热力学一致性,为现有的EIT方法提供了替代方案.

科学领域:

  • 热力学是一种热力学.
  • 运输现象 运输现象
  • 固态物理 固态物理

背景情况:

  • 经典的不可逆转热力学与快速运输现象作斗争.
  • 扩展不可逆热力学 (EIT) 通过引入流量作为独立变量并拒绝局部平衡假设来解决这些局限性.
  • 现有的EIT模型可能不适合所有高频和非本地流程.

研究的目的:

  • 为扩展不可逆热力学 (EIT) 提出一种替代方法.
  • 为快速运输现象开发一个热力学上一致的框架,保留局部平衡假设.
  • 将拟议的方法应用于短暂热传导问题.

主要方法:

  • 使用能量密度变化率作为额外的独立变量.
  • 制定一个包含热力学惯性的卡塔内奥型流量模型.
  • 开发一种在声电子系统中进行能量转移的双温度模型.

主要成果:

  • 拟议的方法提供了一个热力学上一致的短暂热传导的描述.
  • 证明了该方法对热力学惯性和声电子相互作用的模型的适用性.
  • 为拒绝局部平衡假设的EIT方法提供了可行的替代方案.
关键词:
这是不可逆转的热力学.地方平衡局部平衡热力学惯性是一种热力学惯性.

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结论:

  • 另一种EIT方法成功地模拟了快速运输现象,同时保持了局部平衡假设.
  • 这种方法为分析复杂的热传输过程提供了新的视角.
  • 这些发现有助于更好地理解动态系统中不可逆转的热力学.