自闭症和其他神经发育障碍在学龄前儿童的发展模式
Maria Eugenia Martelli1, Federica Gigliotti1, Federica Giovannone1
1Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
概括
这项研究比较了带有神经发育障碍 (NDD) 的学前儿童的发育特征. 患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童表现出最严重的障碍,突出了父母对诊断的投入价值.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
背景情况:
- 神经发育障碍 (NDD) 是一组多样化的疾病,从发育到成年影响社会,认知和情绪功能.
- 这些疾病呈现出高度异质的发育轨迹.
- 了解这些轨迹对于有效的早期干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析和比较不同NDD诊断的学龄前儿童的发育和适应性概况.
- 为了更好地描述各种NDD中的发展轨迹.
- 调查特定评估工具在区分NDD中的有用性.
主要方法:
- 评估了196名患有NDD的学龄前儿童 (20-71个月):108名患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD),52名患有语言障碍 (LD) 和36名患有混合特异性发育障碍 (MSDD).
- 使用标准化工具 (Griffiths-III,ADOS-2,VABS-II,ADI-R) 进行综合的神经精神病学评估.
- 公司母公司填写的问卷 (DP-3,CBCL 11⁄2-5) 用于功能评估.
主要成果:
- 所有NDD组都表现出精神运动技能缺陷,自闭症儿童表现出最显著的损伤.
- 在沟通和运动领域,ASD概况与混合特异发育障碍 (MSDD) 相似.
- 儿童行为检查表 (CBCL) 的普遍发育问题尺度区分了自闭症,而DP-3和VABS-II区分了个别的诊断组.
结论:
- 父母和照顾者的观点对于准确定义儿童在NDD中的功能状态至关重要.
- 发育概况-3 (DP-3) 显示出作为各种神经发育障碍的查工具的前景.
- 差异化评估是理解NDD异质性的关键.
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