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呼吸道共囊病毒疫苗的发展,现状和剩余挑战

Cleo Anastassopoulou¹, Snežana Medić^2,3, Stefanos Ferous¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.

|February 26, 2025

概括

新的呼吸道同胞病毒 (RSV) 疫苗在老年人中提供临床上有意义的保护,防止RSV下呼吸道疾病. 对罕见副作用的持续监测和调查对于疫苗的安全性和有效性至关重要.

科学领域:

疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
免疫学免疫学免疫学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

呼吸道同胞性病毒 (RSV) 导致严重的疾病和死亡,特别是在弱势群体,如幼儿和老年人中.
开发有效和安全的RSV疫苗面临着历史性的挑战,包括配方安全问题和确定可靠的保护标记.
预注射RSV-F糖蛋白 (preF) 的稳定对于设计针对中和抗体的现代RSV疫苗至关重要.

研究的目的:

为60岁及以上的成年人提供新批准的RSV疫苗安全性和有效性的比较分析.
对扩大RSV疫苗接种到高危成年人群的最新建议进行审查.
评估可用的RSV疫苗在预防RSV下呼吸道疾病 (LRTD) 的有效性.

主要方法:

经批准的RSV疫苗临床试验中的疗效数据的比较评估.
对安全性概况的审查,包括报告的不良事件,如吉兰-巴雷综合征.
在多个RSV季节中分析疫苗的有效性.

主要成果:

经批准的RSV疫苗与安慰剂相比,在临床上表现出有意义的疗效,尽管随着时间的推移,免疫力有望下降.
蛋白子单位疫苗 (Arexvy,Abrysvo) 和mRNA疫苗 (mRESVIA) 现在可用于成年人疫苗接种.
Abrysvso已获批准在怀孕期间使用,以保护从出生到六个月的婴儿免受RSV-LRTD.

结论:

目前的RSV疫苗提供了对老年人严重疾病的有价值的保护,尽管疗效随着时间的推移而下降.
观察到与阿布里斯沃和阿雷克斯维一起增加吉兰-巴雷综合征的风险需要进行彻底的调查和监测.
建议对不同人群 (免疫功能低下者,脆弱的老人,婴儿) 进行进一步监测,并探索组合疫苗.

关键词:

下呼吸道疾病 (LRTD) 是一种疾病.孕产妇免疫接种方式年龄较大的成年人.接种前注射F型疫苗呼吸道同胞性病毒 (RSV)

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