在埃塞俄比亚东部索马里地区对麻疹病例和疫苗接种范围的空间分析
Abdilahi Ibrahim Muse1,2, Mahdi Yonis Kayat1, Mohamed Harir Aden1
1Regional Data Management Center for Health, Somali Region Health Bureau, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
Frontiers in epidemiology
|February 26, 2025
概括
由于疫苗接种率低,麻疹疫情仍然存在,特别是在埃塞俄比亚索马里地区. 有针对性的追赶活动和改进的冷链管理对于增加麻疹疫苗覆盖率和预防未来的流行病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 麻疹对全球健康构成重大威胁,导致大量的儿童发病率和死亡率.
- 2019年,麻疹发病率升至23年来的高点,与缺乏含麻疹疫苗第一剂量 (MCV1) 覆盖率有关.
- 两剂麻疹疫苗,或麻疹-红疹 (MR) 组合,提供了一个具有成本效益的预防策略.
研究的目的:
- 在埃塞俄比亚索马里地区进行麻疹病例和疫苗接种范围的空间分析.
- 确定高发病率地区并评估疫苗接种覆盖率差距.
主要方法:
- 对麻疹病例数据 (2022-2023) 和疫苗接种数据 (2019-2023) 的回顾性分析.
- 利用了公共卫生紧急情况局和地区卫生信息系统 (DHIS2) 的数据.
- 使用STATA 17和QGIS 3.38进行数据清理,重新编码和空间分析.
主要成果:
- 在2022-2023年期间记录了超过5930例麻疹病例,其中88.7%影响了59个月以下的儿童.
- 诺戈布 (37.7%),埃雷尔 (17.3%) 和贾拉尔 (16.1%) 地区的病例数量最高.
- 麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率非常低,为59.4%,每100人发生率为0.087.
结论:
- 该研究显示,索马里地区的麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率令人担忧地低.
- 诺戈布,埃雷尔和贾拉尔地区的麻疹发病率最高.
- 建议包括加强常规免疫接种,实施追赶活动,改善偏远地区的MCV2覆盖率,加强疫苗冷链管理.
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