解释学作为人工智能在医学中的障碍
1Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA. kyle.karches@health.slu.edu.
Theoretical medicine and bioethics
|February 26, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 不能完全取代医生,因为人类的理解依赖于人工智能缺乏的处境,对话和体现的经验. 这些元素对于核心医疗实践和医生与患者的关系至关重要.
科学领域:
- 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 当前的人工智能,就像生成模型一样,从庞大的数据集中处理基于概率的信息.
- 这种方法假设人类的知识可以通过命题捕获,类似于AI的文本生成.
- 这种假设在医学等复杂领域受到人类理解本质的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 挑战人工智能 (AI) 可以完全取代人类在医学中的角色的概念.
- 探索AI在复制人类理解方面的局限性及其对医疗实践的影响.
- 突出医学中人类认知的非文本,体现和对话方面的重要性.
主要方法:
- 借鉴汉斯-乔治·加达默的解释学哲学.
- 分析人类理解的性质作为一个解释,定位和对话的过程.
- 将人类认知与生成性AI的操作原理进行对比.
主要成果:
- 人类的理解是解释性的,依赖于历史的情况和事先存在的判断,与AI的基于规则的方法不同.
- 人类的理解是对话性的,涉及"视野融合"和对偏见的质疑,这是AI无法复制的.
- 人工智能缺乏体现,这是人类感知和理解的关键因素,因此无法掌握意义的非文本来源.
结论:
- 人工智能在核心医疗任务中面临着固有的局限性,例如历史记录,体检,诊断推理和治疗谈判.
- 人类理解的体现性,对话性和历史性方面对于道德医学实践至关重要.
- 虽然人工智能可以帮助医生,但它不能取代医生与患者关系中细微,以人为中心的元素.
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