鸟类气囊和新肺:它们的演变,形式和功能
Wilfried Klein1, Vinícius Pereira Ribeiro1, Ray Brasil Bueno de Souza2
1Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil.
概括
这项研究回顾了鸟类呼吸系统结构,重点关注气囊和新肺,这些气囊和新肺的研究较为少. 它汇编了现有的数据,以分析它们在鸟类中的形态和功能.
科学领域:
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.
- 鸟类生理学 鸟类生理学
- 呼吸系统生物学 呼吸系统生物学
背景情况:
- 鸟类的呼吸系统包括用于气体交换的气管和作为的气囊.
- 古肺肺是研究得很好的,但气囊和新肺肺接受较少的比较和功能检查.
- 对一些家族和养物种存在鸟类气囊和瘤的形态数据,但许多鸟类类仍然未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 收集和分析各种鸟类类的气囊和新肺形态现有数据.
- 检查这些研究不足的呼吸系统结构的功能和遗传学方面.
- 在当前的遗传学背景下,提供对鸟类气囊和新肺生物学的全面概述.
主要方法:
- 现有的文献和有关鸟类气囊和新肺形态学的数据的汇编.
- 在当前鸟类遗传学关系的背景下分析汇编的数据.
- 讨论气囊和新肺形态对鸟类生理学的功能影响.
主要成果:
- 对于许多鸟类类的气囊和瘤,在详细的形态和功能数据中存在显著的差距.
- 这项研究强调了对这些结构在更广泛的鸟类物种中进行进一步研究的必要性.
- 分析揭示了这些呼吸系统组件的功能作用和进化关系的见解.
结论:
- 气囊和新肺是鸟类呼吸系统的关键但未被充分研究的组成部分.
- 进一步的比较研究是必不可少的,以充分了解这些结构的多样性和功能在所有鸟类血统.
- 本综述巩固了当前的知识,并确定了鸟类呼吸系统生物学未来研究的关键领域.
相关概念视频
01:26Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts
1.9K
The respiratory zone of the human body, which stands in contrast to the conducting zone, comprises the structures that actively participate in the exchange of gases. The initiation of this zone is marked by the terminal bronchioles converging into respiratory bronchioles, the tiniest bronchiole classification. The respiratory bronchioles give way to the alveolar ducts that opens into a congregation of alveoli. Actively involved in gas exchange, alveoli resemble tiny sacs similar to clusters of...
1.9K
01:54Convergent Evolution
27.3K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
27.3K
01:17Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
1.5K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
1.5K
01:16The Respiratory System
79.3K
The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
79.3K
01:19Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
1.1K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
1.1K
01:13Pleura of the Lungs
1.5K
The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
1.5K