美国退伍军人的住房状况和癌症查
Hannah Decker1,2, Laura Graham3, Ashley Titan4
1Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, USA. Hannah.decker@ucsf.edu.
Journal of general internal medicine
|February 26, 2025
概括
无家可归的退伍军人与住房的退伍军人相比,结直肠和乳腺癌查率较低. 然而,退伍军人卫生管理局 (VA) 系统对向这个弱势群体提供预防性护理充满希望.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 癌症严重影响无家可归的人,往往导致晚期诊断和较差的生存结果.
- 无家可归是健康的关键社会决定因素,影响癌症护理的获得和结果.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较无家可归和住房退伍军人之间的结肠直肠和乳腺癌查发生率和及时性.
- 评估退伍军人卫生管理局 (VA) 系统在为无家可归的退伍军人提供癌症查方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性,匹配的队列研究分析了VA医疗保健系统中的2,580,640名退伍军人 (2011-2021) 的数据.
- 无家可归的退伍军人与三个住房的退伍军人根据人口统计和诊所访问细节进行了匹配.
- 有条件的波桑回归模型评估了住房状况和查结果之间的关联,并对共变量进行了调整.
主要成果:
- 与住房的退伍军人相比,无家可归的退伍军人对结直肠癌查 (aIRR 0.84) 和乳腺癌查 (aIRR 0.87) 的调整发病率比率 (aIRR) 显著较低.
- 经过阳性查测试,无家可归的退伍军人接受诊断结肠镜检查的aIRR降低了12%.
- 活检程序的及时性在无家可归和住房的退伍军人之间是可比的.
结论:
- 经历无家可归的退伍军人在VA系统中的癌症查率较低,相比于他们居住的同行.
- 尽管比率较低,但这一群体的查流行率超过了非退伍军人无家可归人口的查流行率.
- 退伍军人系统的基础设施为改善无家可归者预防性癌症护理提供了宝贵的见解.
相关概念视频
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
320
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
320
01:30Preventive Healthcare Services
957
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
957
01:12Hazard Ratio
76
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
For example, in a clinical trial...
76
01:30Cancer Vaccines
325
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
325
02:49Cancer Therapies
7.5K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.5K
01:29Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
868
Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Long-Term Care Facilities
868