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相关概念视频

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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基于深度学习的监督和无监督方法来研究DNA复制的时空动态.

Julian Ng-Kee-Kwong1, Ben Philps2, Fiona N C Smith2

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roger Land Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员开发了新的机器学习方法,以有效地检测细胞中的异常DNA复制. 这种进步有助于理解DNA复制.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • DNA复制对于细胞分裂至关重要,并且在真核细胞中在空间和时间上受到严格调节.
  • 异常DNA复制与各种人类疾病有关,但由于劳动密集型方法,研究它是具有挑战性的.
  • 现有的方法阻碍了对DNA复制在病理学中的作用的大规模分析.

研究的目的:

  • 开发用于分析DNA复制动态的新,高效的计算方法.
  • 在与疾病相关的遗传环境中识别改变的复制模式.
  • 为了在病理学研究中大规模检测异常S相细胞.

主要方法:

  • 应用监督机器学习来分类小鼠胚胎干细胞 (mESC) 中的S相模式.
  • 开发了一种无监督的机器学习方法,用于大规模检测异常S相细胞.
  • 验证了无监督方法,使用细胞模型放松原始发射 (环E过度表达).
  • 使用基于EDU和PCNA的分析来验证方法.

主要成果:

  • 在使用监督学习的野生类型mESC中成功分类了S阶段模式.
  • 在Rif1缺乏的mESC中确定了改变的复制动态.
  • 无监督方法自主检测到复制过程中预期的基因型差异.
  • 证明了该方法对患者样本的适用性.

结论:

  • 新型机器学习方法显著改善了DNA复制的分析.
  • 无监督方法为检测异常S相细胞提供了一个可扩展的解决方案.
  • 这项技术可以帮助阐明自由化的DNA复制对人类疾病的贡献.
  • 在临床环境中用于患者样本分析的潜在应用.