描述急诊室对有入狱病史的患者的护理
Thomas Huang1,2, Vimig Socrates2,3, Polina Ovchinnikova2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open
|February 27, 2025
概括
患有监禁史的患者面临医疗保健差异. 这项研究发现,他们更有可能从急诊室 (ED) 逃跑,突出了改善护理流程的需要.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 经历过监禁的个人经历了显著的医疗保健差异,包括偏见和隐私问题.
- 紧急诊所 (ED) 是该群体的关键接入点,但护理过程尚未得到充分理解.
- 识别和解决这些差异对于公平的医疗保健服务至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估和比较急诊室 (ED) 的护理流程,用于有和没有入狱史的患者.
- 确定这一患者群体在治疗和治疗结果中的特定差异.
- 探索自然语言处理 (NLP) 在分析隐藏人群的医疗数据中的实用性.
主要方法:
- 利用微调的大型语言模型 (LLM) 来从电子健康记录中识别患者监禁状态.
- 在不同组之间比较社会人口统计特征,并发症和ED护理过程 (处置,克制,镇静).
- 进行多变量后勤回归以确定监禁史与ED管理的独立关联.
主要成果:
- 在177,987个总体遭遇中,确定了1734个具有监禁史的独特患者遭遇.
- 患有监禁史的患者更有可能是男性,来自少数种族/族裔群体,失业/残疾人,并且有药物使用史.
- 最初观察到更高的逃跑几率,违背医疗建议离开,镇静和克制使用;在调整后,只有逃跑仍然显著.
结论:
- 在患者特征和ED护理过程中存在显著差异,对于有监禁史的人来说.
- NLP提供了一个强大的工具,用于分析经常隐藏的,但普遍存在的患者群体的护理过程.
- 调查结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施来缓解歧视,并改善对以前被监禁的人的照顾.
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