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相关概念视频

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
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Altered...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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探索微生物群-肠-大脑轴:对大脑结构和功能的影响

Lidya K Yassin1, Mohammed M Nakhal1, Alreem Alderei1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
概括

微生物群-肠-大脑轴 (MGBA) 通过影响神经发生和神经结构,影响大脑健康. 了解MGBA机制,包括短链脂肪酸 (SCFA),为治疗诸如阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病等神经系统疾病提供了潜力.

关键词:
血脑屏障 血脑屏障 血脑屏障 血脑屏障大脑形态学 大脑形态学微生物干预措施 微生物干预微生物群-肠道-大脑轴神经可塑性 神经可塑性短链脂肪酸是一种短链脂肪酸.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 微生物学 微生物学
  • 胃肠病学 胃肠病学

背景情况:

  • 微生物群-肠-大脑轴 (MGBA) 对大脑结构和功能至关重要,它调解了中枢神经系统 (CNS) 和肠道神经系统 (ENS) 之间的通信.
  • MGBA的失调与各种神经疾病有关,强调需要了解其复杂的机制.

研究的目的:

  • 审查MGBA如何影响大脑结构和功能的关键方面,包括神经发生,神经元形态,髓化,微质,血脑屏障 (BBB) 和突触可塑性.
  • 探索MGBA影响神经可塑性的机制性途径,重点关注短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 的作用.
  • 检查各种技术策略的实用性,以研究MGBA相互作用及其对神经疾病的影响.

主要方法:

  • 文献综述侧重于MGBA对神经发生,神经元结构,BBB完整性和突触功能的影响.
  • 分析短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 在调节BBB,质细胞和神经元功能的作用.
  • 检查方法,如无细菌 (GF) 动物模型,益生菌,便微生物群移植 (FMT) 和抗生素诱导的失生症.

主要成果:

  • MGBA显著影响神经发生,树突形态,轴突髓化,微质,BBB结构和透性以及突触结构.
  • 短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 在修改BBB和影响质和神经元功能方面发挥着关键作用,影响阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病等疾病.
  • 特定的细菌菌株表现出改变大脑结构和功能的能力,强调了向的治疗潜力.

结论:

  • MGBA是大脑健康的关键调节者,通过多种途径影响神经可塑性和功能.
  • 了解MGBA的作用,特别是SCFA和特定微生物群落的影响,对于开发神经系统疾病的新疗法至关重要.
  • 基于微生物的干预措施有望治疗复杂的大脑疾病,如阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病.