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5至12岁儿童学习游泳:基于证据的运动学习方法的范围审查
Carola Minkels1,2, John van der Kamp2, Ralph de Vries3
1InnoSportLab de Tongelreep, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|February 27, 2025
概括
这次审查发现,大多数儿童游泳课程缺乏理论依据,并且存在方法上的缺陷. 未来的研究应该专注于基于证据的方法,以更好地获得和保留技能.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动学习是指运动学习.
- 教学教育学 在教学上
背景情况:
- 游泳提供了显著的健康和安全益处.
- 全球范围内使用各种方法教孩子游泳技能.
- 对这些游泳教学方法的有效性缺乏全面的研究.
研究的目的:
- 概述关于运动学习方法的研究,以在5-12岁的儿童中获得游泳技能.
- 评估这些研究的理论基础,方法质量和研究结果.
- 发现改善游泳教学研究中的差距.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了范围审查.
- 对五个数据库进行了系统的搜索,搜索到2025年的同行评审研究.
- 包括对与水有关的恐惧儿童的研究;那些针对特定人群或认知结果的研究被排除在外.
主要成果:
- 包括23项研究,分为传统的 (4),当代的 (1) 和非理论的 (18) 运动学习方法.
- 大多数研究 (87%) 报告了实践中的积极影响,但方法上的限制是常见的.
- 显著的局限性包括缺乏保留/转移测试 (87%),没有对照组 (35%) 和干预描述差 (48%).
结论:
- 目前关于教儿童游泳的文献是有限的,通常是无理论的,而且在方法上很弱.
- 未来的研究需要解决这些缺陷,以建立有效的学习方法的证据基础.
- 改进的研究可以导致在游泳课程中基于证据的创新,以更好地获得技能和长期保留.
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