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相关概念视频

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 25, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
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多重的自我和心理上的开放.

Hubert Suszek1, Maciej Kopera2, Andrzej Jakubczyk2

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Frontiers in psychology
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
概括

激活多重自我模式,认识到多样化的自我方面,增强心理开放性. 这与单元自我模式形成鲜明对比,促进认知和体验灵活性.

科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 人格心理学 人格心理学

背景情况:

  • 存在两种不同的自我体验模式:单元 (凝聚力,稳定的自我) 和多元 (多样化,取决于背景的自我方面).
  • 这些自我模式组织自我认识,可以在情境上激活.
  • 对这些自我模式的心理影响的实证研究是有限的.

研究的目的:

  • 实证地研究多重自我模式与单一自我模式对心理开放性的影响.
  • 为了确定激活多重自动模式是否与单一自动模式相比增强了心理开放性.

主要方法:

  • 进行了五项涉及989名参与者的实验.
  • 参与者在实验中被诱导进入多重自动模式或单元自动模式.
  • 心理开放度被测量在不同的领域使用不同的操作.

主要成果:

  • 激活多重自动模式与单一自动模式相比,持续增强心理开放性.
  • 这种效应在开放的不同方面被观察到,包括国家开放,对变化的开放,价值范围,心理思维和分散.
  • 在各种测量和操纵中发现了中等效应大小 (d = 0.310.44).

结论:

关键词:
多重的自我多重的自我.开放的心态 开放的心态对体验的开放性.心理上的开放性.自我概念 自我概念单元的自我 单元的自我

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  • 自我认识的组织显著影响认知和体验灵活性.
  • 这些发现有助于理解人格可塑性和心理发展.
  • 多重自动模式似乎促进了更大的开放性和灵活性.