在学生所经历的实践工作中进行前后思考:识别中学教育中良好实践的基于证据的特征
Wouter Spaan1, Ron Oostdam1,2, Jaap Schuitema2
1Centre for Applied Research in Education (CARE), Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
概括
教师可以通过专注于前后思考 (TBF) 和平衡实际活动与学生的先前知识来培养学习的思维. 减轻实际的认知负载也是有效的科学教育的关键.
科学领域:
- 科学教育科学教育教育.
- 教学教育学 在教学上
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 科学教育中的有效实践工作需要学生将实践活动与理论原则联系起来.
- 目前,教师缺乏关于如何促进这种联系的具体指导,这被称为前后思考 (TBF).
研究的目的:
- 确定在科学实践工作期间促进思想学习经验的教学实践.
- 为教师提供基于证据的建议,以提高学生的参与和理解.
主要方法:
- 在荷兰中学 (8-9年级) 15个物理和化学课程的视频观测.
- 分析教师对TBF,一致教学和认知负载减轻的注意力.
- 学生自我报告的学习数据分析了思维评论,并使用多层次二进制逻辑回归与课程特征相关联.
主要成果:
- 确定了三种思维学习的重要预测因素 (p < .05):教师对TBF的大量关注,一致的教学,以及减轻实践认知负担.
- 定性分析为有效实施这些特征提供了更深入的见解.
结论:
- 教师应该在整个课程中始终整合TBF,以促进学习的思维.
- 一致教学包括平衡实际工作与学生的现有知识.
- 减轻实际的认知负载可以防止分心,增强学习能力;实际的工作设计应纳入这三个元素.
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