12周个性化饮食干预对血管功能和心血管风险因素的影响
Lisa Wanders1,2, Anouk Gijbels2,3, Gabby B Hul4
1Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
|February 27, 2025
概括
12周的个性化饮食改善了超重或肥胖的成年人心血管风险因素和胰岛素抵抗. 低脂肪,高蛋白,高纤维饮食比地中海饮食更有好处,但血管功能没有改善.
科学领域:
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
- 预防心血管疾病 预防心血管疾病
- 个性化的营养 个性化的营养
背景情况:
- 胰岛素耐药性,特别是肝脏 (LIR) 和肌肉 (MIR) 表型,与心血管疾病有关.
- 饮食干预可能会根据个人的胰岛素耐药性概况产生不同的结果.
- 了解这些差异可以优化心血管风险管理.
研究的目的:
- 调查个性化饮食是否适应MIR或LIR表型,改善血管功能和心血管疾病风险因素.
- 为了比较两个饮食方法的有效性:低脂肪,高蛋白,高纤维 (LFHP) 和地中海 (高单不和脂肪,HMUFA).
主要方法:
- 119名超重/肥胖的成年人被随机分配到两个个性化饮食组 (PhenoDiet A和B) 12周.
- 干预包括LFHP和HMUFA饮食,随机化将胰岛素抵抗表型与建议的最佳饮食联系起来.
- 在干预前后评估了血管功能,血压,脂质和胰岛素抵抗标记 (马苏达指数,HOMA-IR).
主要成果:
- 总的来说,饮食显著降低了血压,总胆固醇,高密度胆固醇和弗雷明翰风险评分,并改善了胰岛素抵抗.
- 血管功能 (心动脉反应性) 没有显著改善.
- 与HMUFA饮食相比,LFHP饮食在胆固醇,腹压和胰岛素抵抗方面表现出更明显的改善.
结论:
- 12周的饮食干预改善了超重或肥胖的胰岛素耐药成年人的代谢和心血管风险因素,但不是血管功能.
- 虽然LFHP饮食在某些心脏代谢标记上表现优于HMUFA饮食,但个性化饮食组之间没有显著差异 (PhenoDiet A与B).
- 个性化的营养策略需要进一步研究,以优化血管健康结果.
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