深海水热喷气孔中的分子盗版:由Marinitoga piezophila中的菌体-PISH揭示的菌体-等离子体相互作用
Min Jin1,2,3, Ouafae Rouxel1,3, Nadège Quintin1,3
1Univ Brest, Ifremer, BEEP, Plouzané, France.
Applied and environmental microbiology
|February 27, 2025
概括
像等离子体这样的移动遗传元素可以劫持病毒,在深海微生物中传播. 这项研究表明病毒包装了等离子体DNA,揭示了水热喷口中的分子盗版,并影响了微生物进化.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
背景情况:
- 深海的热水喷口是各种微生物群落的宿主.
- 移动遗传元素 (MGE),包括病毒和质粒,驱动微生物进化和水平基因转移 (HGT).
- 在这些极端环境中,MGEs之间的相互作用尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究深海细菌*Marinitoga piezophila*中的菌体 - 质粒相互作用.
- 适应菌体光在位混合 (菌体-FISH) 来可视化这些动态.
- 了解MGE相互作用在水热喷口中病毒介导的HGT中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用菌体-FISH来监测单细胞水平上的菌体-等离子体相互作用.
- 诱导的等离子体复制和包装使用mitomycin C.
- 在纯化的病毒颗粒中分析了DNA含量.
主要成果:
- 从溶解细胞释放的病毒颗粒中检测到等离子体DNA.
- 线粒素C诱导了等离子体的复制和包装成菌素颗粒.
- 诱导后,菌体囊在病毒DNA上偏好包装的等离子体DNA (高达70%).
- 在没有诱导的情况下,等离子体DNA纳入菌体囊体也发生了.
结论:
- 提供了深海水热生态系统中等离子体分子盗版的直接证据.
- 证明等离子体可以劫持病毒机械进行传播和传播.
- 强调了自私的MGEs在病毒与宿主相互作用中的重要作用,以及HGT在极端海洋环境中的重要作用.
相关概念视频
01:28Plasmids
4.2K
Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
4.2K
01:26Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria
1.1K
Proteobacteria, one of the largest and most diverse bacterial phyla, encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria distinguished by their outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. These microorganisms exhibit various metabolic capabilities, including phototrophy, chemolithotrophy, and heterotrophy, and thrive in diverse environments from soil to aquatic systems and host-associated niches. The phylum is divided into six classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria,...
1.1K
01:21Hyperthermophilic Bacteria
796
Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
796
01:26DNA Bacteriophages
1.6K
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
1.6K
01:29Viruses of Archaea
714
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
714
01:18Deep Sea Microbial Ecology
55
The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
55