欲望偏差在厌恶领域的感知决策中产生偏见
Haena Kim1, Alicia Liu1, Yuan Chang Leong1
1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|February 27, 2025
概括
人们的看法偏离了不良结果,比如财务损失. 这种可取性偏见通过改变证据积累而影响决策,受到惩罚敏感性的影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 感知判断受到个人目标和偏好的影响,导致有偏见的感知.
- 以前的研究表明,人们对奖励相关的刺激有偏见,但可取性和动机突出性之间的分离不清楚.
- 本研究探讨了可取性和动机突出性如何在厌恶的背景下 (财务损失) 影响知觉.
研究的目的:
- 调查可取性与动机突出性对感知判断的影响.
- 为了确定这些偏见背后的计算机制,在一个厌恶的背景下.
- 探索个体差异的作用,如惩罚敏感性,在感知上的动机效应.
主要方法:
- 两个实验 (2023-2024年) 使用视觉分类任务与模两可的刺激.
- 模两可的刺激与潜在的巨额财务损失有关.
- 漂移扩散建模用于分析证据积累和响应偏差.
主要成果:
- 参与者在远离与财务损失相关的刺激的感知判断中表现出偏见,这表明了可取性偏见.
- 漂移扩散模型分析显示,这种偏差源于证据积累的起点转移.
- 观察到的偏差与个人惩罚敏感度相关,而不是奖励敏感度.
结论:
- 在涉及财务损失的感知决策中发现了可取性偏差的强有力的证据.
- 该研究确定了证据积累的起点的转移作为计算机制.
- 惩罚敏感度的个体差异显著塑造了对感知决策的动机影响,即使在厌恶的环境中也是如此.
相关概念视频
01:08The Availability Heuristic
5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
5.9K
01:25Factors Affecting Perception
1.4K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.4K
01:15Subliminal Perception
233
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
233
01:14Conditioned Taste Aversion
116
Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
116
01:12Hindsight Biases
3.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
3.4K
03:26Framing Effects
7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K