自闭症诊断之前的精神病诊断中的性别差异及其自闭症诊断后的稳定性
Miriam I Martini1, Ralf Kuja-Halkola1, Agnieszka Butwicka1,2,3,4
1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
|February 28, 2025
概括
与男性相比,自闭症女性在自闭症诊断之前和之后更有可能接受精神病诊断. 这凸显了需要量身定制的护理,考虑到基于性别的诊断和支持差异.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 遗传学和遗传性 遗传学和遗传性
背景情况:
- 自闭症患者在被诊断为自闭症之前经常接受精神病诊断.
- 自闭症男性和女性之间诊断前的精神病诊断和诊断后的护理寻求的差异仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查在自闭症诊断之前接受精神病诊断的可能性的基于性别的差异.
- 检查自闭症诊断后继续照顾精神疾病的基于性别的差异.
- 分析时间趋势和诊断年龄与性别和先前的精神病诊断有关.
主要方法:
- 瑞典1990-2015年出生,被诊断患有自闭症的个人的全国性队列研究 (N=72,331).
- 使用线性和逻辑回归来评估性别与先前精神病诊断之间的关联.
- 分析了自闭症诊断年龄,时间趋势 (2010-2020年),以及先前诊断的稳定性 (自闭症诊断后5年的护理利用).
主要成果:
- 54.2%的自闭症女性和40.9%的自闭症男性接受了先前的精神病诊断 (ADHD,焦虑,抑郁最常见).
- 自闭症女性对大多数先前诊断的几率更高 (除精神障碍和多动症外),并且后来被诊断为自闭症.
- 诊断前的稳定性各不相同 (23.1%-88.9%),女性对焦虑,睡眠和自我伤害的稳定性更高,而男性对精神障碍的稳定性更高.
结论:
- 自闭症女性在自闭症诊断之前和之后更容易接受精神病诊断.
- 研究结果强调了解决临床表现和支持需求的性别差异的重要性.
- 从重叠的诊断中解脱持续的支持需求对于及时和适当的护理至关重要,特别是对于自闭症女性来说.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
53
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
53
01:27Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
35
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
35
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
34
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
34
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
43
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
43
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
22
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
22
01:26Modeling in Therapy
41
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
41