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精英滑雪山登山运动有氧运动表现中的性别差异

Forrest Schorderet¹, Justin Mottet¹, Aurélien Lathion¹

¹Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Frontiers in sports and active living

|February 28, 2025

概括

与男性相比,精英女滑雪登山运动员在上坡速度上表现出更大的差异,超过最大氧气吸收的差异. 这突出了影响这项新兴奥林匹克运动表现的独特生理因素.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
运动生理学运动生理学
冬季运动研究冬季运动研究

背景情况:

滑雪登山 (SkiMo) 冲刺是2026年奥运会的新运动,研究有限,特别是性别差异.
冲刺形式强调了上坡的表现,使身体组成和最大氧气消耗 (V ̇O_2max) 成为关键.
之前的研究主要集中在男性运动员身上,在了解女性生理参数方面存在差距.

研究的目的:

分析精英SkiMo运动员生理参数中的性别差异.
调查垂直速度 (vV) 的差异是否超过在通风门 (VT₁,VT₂) 和最大强度 (MAX) 的 V ̇O₂.
为了比较精英男性和女性SkiMo运动员之间的身体组成和能量成本.

主要方法:

瑞士20名精英滑雪运动员 (6名女性,14名男性) 参加了比赛.
在25%的斜坡跑步机上进行了累积到疲劳的分级运动测试.
呼吸间气体交换被测量以确定V ̇O₂,VT₁,VT₂和最大强度.

主要成果:

与男性相比,女性运动员在MAX时表现出较低的V ̇O₂ (13.6%较低) 和VT₂ (15.5%较低).
在垂直速度 (vV) 中的性别差异大于V ̇O 差异 (16.4%在MAX,20.1%在VT).
女性的脂肪质量较高 (15.2%与6.6%相比),垂直运行能量成本在VT₂时更高.

结论:

精英男性和女性SkiMo运动员之间的上坡速度差异比有氧能力的差异更明显.
较高的脂肪质量和女性增加的能源成本可能会导致在上坡性能中观察到的性别差异.
需要进一步的研究来阐明SkiMo上坡性能中这些性别差异背后的机制.

关键词:

奥林匹克运动会体育运动会的奥林匹克运动会.身体构成身体组成女运动员运动员.最大的氧气吸收.山地运动是山地运动.滑雪登山者滑雪登山者在通风门上.

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