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对国家在卫生应急准备和应对方面错过的实践进行范围审查量化工具:COVID-19和埃博拉应对经验
John Mbaziira Ssenkusu1, Julius Kiwanuka1, Mackline Ninsiima2
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
BMJ public health
|February 28, 2025
概括
现有的卫生应急准备工具,如全球卫生安全指数 (GHSI) 和联合外部评估 (JEE),可能错过了关键的国家实践. 本次审查强调了诸如利用信任和技术等重要行动,以成功应对疫情.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 在COVID-19和其他疫情爆发后,评估国家对卫生紧急情况的准备能力至关重要.
- 现有的定量工具,如2021年全球卫生安全指数 (GHSI) 和联合外部评估 (JEE) 第二版,可能无法完全捕捉疫情期间的国家实际做法.
- 范围审查是必要的,以确定目前的准备度量所遗漏的关键响应要素.
研究的目的:
- 在埃博拉和COVID-19大流行期间概述国家实践,行动和经验.
- 确定现有准备度测量工具 (GHSI,JEE) 中未充分反映的关键响应要素.
- 为改善全球卫生应急准备策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用PRISMA检查清单进行了范围审查.
- 在多个数据库 (PubMed,Medline,CINAHL,Embase,Google Scholar,WHO IRIS) 搜索相关的文章.
- 包括关于埃博拉 (2004年1月至2020年10月) 和COVID-19 (2020年1月至2020年12月) 的英语同行评审文章,随后进行定性主题分析.
主要成果:
- 在1913年的选中,包括了36项研究.
- 确定了GHSI 2021和JEE第二版错过的关键实践:
- - - 利用从以前的疫情中吸取的教训.
- - 缓解人口和支持企业.
- - 保护弱势群体.保护弱势群体.
- - - 利用对领导力和榜样的信任.
- - 通过技术创新的公众参与.
结论:
- 国家疫情应对策略受到资源,疫情特征和国际应对措施的影响.
- 建议将确定的响应行动纳入现有准备工具.
- 各国应该制定详细的计划,以提高信任,保护弱势群体,支持公民和企业,并在流行病期间使用技术促进公众参与.
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