在COVID-19大流行期间,美国低收入成年人中粮食不安全的变化
Yingfei Wu1,2, Jessica Cheng1,3, Anne N Thorndike1,2
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
JAMA network open
|February 28, 2025
概括
紧急SNAP福利有助于减少许多人的粮食不安全,但并没有消除种族差异. 增加SNAP访问改善了大多数种族群体的粮食安全,但使用SNAP的黑人个人没有看到任何变化,而不使用SNAP的亚洲个人经历了增加的粮食不安全.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 种族和民族少数群体在美国不成比例地经历粮食不安全.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,临时的政策变化发生了,包括对补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 的紧急拨款.
- 这些政策对不同种族和族群的粮食不安全的影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 分析种族和民族群体中粮食不安全的流行趋势.
- 检查SNAP使用在缓解COVID-19大流行期间粮食不安全的作用.
- 评估大流行前和期间粮食不安全的变化,分层按种族,种族和SNAP参与.
主要方法:
- 从2019年1月到2022年12月的全国健康访谈调查数据的横截面分析.
- 包括美国低收入成年人 (200%以下的联邦贫困水平).
- 使用调查加权的波桑回归来建模粮食不安全患病率的变化,检查时间,种族/种族和SNAP使用之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,粮食不安全的患病率从大流行前的20.9%降至大流行期间的18.8% (P < .001).
- 在所有种族和族群中,SNAP的使用量都增加了.
- 在SNAP参与者中,亚洲,西班牙裔和白人成年人的粮食不安全性下降,但黑人成年人没有. 在非SNAP参与者中,亚洲成年人的粮食不安全性增加,黑人,西班牙裔和白人成年人的粮食不安全性保持不变.
结论:
- 疫情期间增加的SNAP福利与许多受益人的粮食不安全程度降低有关,但并没有消除现有的种族和民族差异.
- 该研究强调了SNAP在缓解粮食不安全方面的重要性,特别是在脆弱人群中.
- 需要进一步的研究来解决持续的差异,并确保平等获得粮食援助.
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