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Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

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相关实验视频

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Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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功能性婴儿配方添加剂 功能性的婴儿配方添加剂

Kanika Puri1, Courtney Svenstrup1, Charles Vanderpool1

  • 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana.

NeoReviews
|February 28, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

现代婴儿配方奶粉被增强了功能添加剂,如母乳寡糖化物,以模仿母乳的好处. 本综述探讨了这些添加剂及其对婴儿营养和发育的影响.

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科学领域:

  • 儿科 儿科 儿科
  • 营养科学 营养科学
  • 婴儿营养 婴儿营养

背景情况:

  • 主要卫生组织建议为满期婴儿提供母乳养.
  • 尽管全世界都在努力,但许多婴儿依靠配方奶粉来获得营养.
  • 现代婴儿配方奶粉具有先进的安全性和营养特征.

研究的目的:

  • 审查婴儿配方奶粉中的功能添加剂.
  • 评估它们对婴儿营养和发育的影响.
  • 了解这些添加剂如何复制母乳的好处.

主要方法:

  • 科学研究的文献综述和卫生组织的建议.
  • 在商业可用的婴儿配方中对功能添加剂的分析.
  • 评估关于添加剂对婴儿健康结果的影响的研究.

主要成果:

  • 关键的添加剂包括人乳寡糖,牛奶脂肪球体膜,多可沙赫萨酸和乳酸.
  • 这些成分提供了超出基本营养的好处,旨在支持婴儿发育.
  • 研究表明,它可能对肠道微生物群,免疫功能和认知发育产生积极影响.

结论:

  • 功能添加剂显著提高婴儿配方奶粉的组成.
  • 这些成分有助于弥合配方奶和母乳之间的营养差距.
  • 目前正在进行进一步的研究,以充分阐明这些添加剂的长期益处.