编辑:扩大对焦虑儿童的评估和干预范式
1Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|February 28, 2025
概括
焦虑症在年轻人中很常见,但早期识别很困难. 有效的干预措施受到适度的证据和精神卫生专业人员短缺的限制.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 焦虑障碍 (AD) 在儿童和青少年中很普遍,在特定时间影响大约7%的人,在一生中影响高达30%.
- 早期识别AD对于二次预防至关重要,但由于正常的焦虑变异和这些疾病的内化性质,这具有挑战性.
- 现有的基于证据的治疗方法,如认知行为疗法 (CBT) 和药物治疗,显示出适度的效果,并且由于精神卫生专业人员的短缺,获得护理是有限的.
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
53
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
53
Modeling in Therapy
41
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
41
Behavior Therapy
38
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
38
Operant Conditioning Intervention
34
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
34
Social Anxiety Disorder
20
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
20
Adler's Individual Psychology
448
Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
448


