节水灌和控制释放肥料应用的结合减少了单一作物田土壤中的气损失
Yang Ji1, Jinfeng Ma1, Linshan Ma1
1Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Jiangsu Provincial University Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
Journal of environmental management
|March 1, 2025
概括
使用控制释放肥料 (CI-CRF) 进行控制灌,可显著降低土中的氨 (NH3) 挥发和 (N2O) 排放. 这种最佳的灌和施肥策略可以维持大米产量,同时最大限度地减少有害的温室气体损失.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 农业学是一种农业学.
背景情况:
- 田土壤管理实践显著影响氨 (NH3) 挥发和氧化 (N2O) 排放.
- 节水灌技术可以改变 (N) 循环和栽培中的气态N损失.
- 优化灌和施肥对于减轻环境影响和维持作物产量至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同灌和 (N) 肥料策略对NH3挥发,N2O排放和大米产量的影响.
- 确定最佳的灌和施肥组合,以减少气态N的损失,同时保持大米的生产力.
- 使用分子技术研究环境因素,土壤微生物功能基因和N损失之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 进行了田土壤柱实验,评估了三种灌做法 (连续洪水,控制灌,间歇灌) 和三种N肥料策略.
- 在整个大米生长季节的量化NH3挥发和N2O排放.
- 使用定量PCR (qPCR) 来分析与N循环相关的土壤微生物功能基因的丰富性.
主要成果:
- 节水灌 (控制灌 (CI) 和间歇灌 (II)) 将NH3挥发率降低了36.3-73.9%,但与连续洪水相比,N2O排放量增加了1483.2-2246.2%.
- 与传统方法相比,控制灌与控制释放肥料 (CI-CRF) 的组合显著减少了65.0%的NH3挥发和4.6%的N2O排放.
- CI-CRF策略通过降低NH4+-N度来抑制NH3挥发,通过增加土壤nirS和nosZ基因丰度来减少N2O排放.
结论:
- CI-CRF战略提供了一种最佳方法,以减轻单一作物大米种植中的NH3和N2O损失.
- 这种协同战略有可能在中国的田中减少每年的NH3挥发量259.2 Gg N和N2O排放量3.1 Gg N.
- 建议进行进一步的实地研究,以探索CI-CRF在不同环境中的长期影响.
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