减轻热应激及其影响行为,生理指标和共同管理的养场牛的生长表现的策略
Mhlangabezi Slayi1, Ishmael Festus Jaja2
1Centre for Global Change (CGC), Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
Frontiers in veterinary science
|March 3, 2025
概括
阴影和水冷却显著减少了养场牛的热应激,改善了生理指标和生长性能. 干预措施在炎热的环境中提高了牛的福利和生产力.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 农业工程 农业工程
背景情况:
- 热应激是社区养场系统的一个主要挑战,它对牛的福利和生产力产生了负面影响.
- 高温湿度指数 (THI) 值经常超过关键值,表明料场环境中的严重热应力.
- 了解牛对热应激的生理和性能反应对于开发有效的缓解策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估阴影和水冷干预措施对养场牛的热生理应激减轻的影响.
- 评估这些冷却策略对增长绩效指标的影响,包括平均每日增益 (ADG) 和料转换比率 (FCR).
- 确定与热应激相关的关键生理和代谢指标以及冷却干预措施的有效性.
主要方法:
- 来自公共养场的60头牛接受了阴影和水冷干预,并监测了对照组.
- 分析了生理指标 (直肠温度,皮肤温度,呼吸率) 和生长指标 (料摄入量,ADG,FCR).
- 使用回归和主要成分分析 (PCA),以及血液代谢物和行为观察.
主要成果:
- 阴影和水冷却显著降低了直肠温度,皮肤温度和呼吸率 (p < 0.05).
- 在接受治疗的群体中,牛的生长表现有所改善,ADG增加了18%,FCR提高了12%.
- 在冷却的牛中观察到较低的皮质醇水平和改善的电解质平衡,以及增加的休息时间和减少喘息.
结论:
- 结合阴影和水冷干预措施,有效地减轻了养场牛的热应激.
- 这些策略增强了热生理学调节,从而改善了生长性能和减少了慢性压力.
- 观察到品种在耐热性方面的差异,其中*Bos indicus*表现出比*Bos taurus*更大的弹性.
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