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相关概念视频

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

478
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
478
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

256
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
256
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

373
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
373

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 24, 2025

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
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不同质的微观结构诱导了高速度的阿纳摩克斯颗粒中的浮动.

Da Kang1, Huifeng Lu2, Tingting Kang2

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, PR China.

Water research X
|March 3, 2025
PubMed
概括

在废水处理中浮动的anamox颗粒 (F-AnGS) 是由密集的EPS层和异质的微观结构引起的. 这种结构增强了代谢相互作用和酸盐循环,尽管有气体释放问题.

关键词:
亚纳莫克斯 (Anammox) 的颗粒.这是EPS成像系统.浮动式的浮动方式释放气体释放的气体进行N循环的基因.

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 24, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 环境微生物学 环境微生物学
  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 废水工程 废水工程

背景情况:

  • 安纳莫克斯 (无氧氧化) 颗粒对于有效的废水处理至关重要.
  • 颗粒浮动是一个重大的运营挑战,导致性能退化和生物质损失.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究anammox颗粒浮动背后的机制.
  • 为了比较分析漂浮的阿纳莫克斯颗粒 (F-AnGS) 和沉的阿纳莫克斯颗粒 (S-AnGS).

主要方法:

  • 来自高速反应堆的F-AnGS和S-AnGS的比较分析.
  • 无氧呼吸计测量气体释放量.
  • 3DX射线显微镜成像以揭示颗粒微观结构.
  • 细胞外聚合物质 (EPS) 积累和分布的分析.

主要成果:

  • 与S-AnGS相比,F-AnGS表现出比S-AnGS高1.6倍的特异性亚纳摩克斯活性.
  • 由于密集的EPS表面层,F-AnGS只释放了65%的产生的气体.
  • F-AnGS显示了一个异质的微观结构,与S-AnGS不同.
  • 增加了与anammox相关的功能基因的丰富性和F-AnGS中的部分脱,表明增强了酸盐循环.

结论:

  • 不同质的微观结构和EPS分布,形成密集的表面层,是anammox颗粒浮动的主要原因.
  • F-AnGS独特的微观结构增强了微生物的代谢相互作用和酸盐循环.
  • 研究结果表明,控制颗粒活性是优化基于颗粒的anammox工艺的关键.