在低收入社区进行学前听力查的影响:计划成果和护理人员的观点
Tara Odendaal1, Talita le Roux1, De Wet Swanepoel1,2
1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
Language, speech, and hearing services in schools
|March 3, 2025
概括
在低收入和中等收入国家,社区卫生工作者有效地对学龄前儿童进行听力损失的查. 虽然护理人员支持这些计划,但随访出席仍然是一个挑战,需要改善医疗保健的可访问性和沟通.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 听力损失影响全球数百万学龄前儿童,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs).
- 早期识别和干预对于减轻听力损失对发育的影响至关重要.
- 基于社区的查计划提供了一种可扩展的方法,以解决服务不足的人群的听力健康问题.
研究的目的:
- 评估一个LMIC的学前听力查计划对LMIC的影响.
- 分析转诊结果,了解护理人员对查过程的看法.
主要方法:
- 一项由两部分组成的研究,包括对查结果的审查和与护理人员的电话调查.
- 对13322名接受21个月听力查的学龄前儿童的数据进行分析.
- 对被诊断患有听力损失的儿童和没有参加后续检查的儿童的护理人员进行调查.
主要成果:
- 观察到最初的转诊率为6%,其中47.8%的转诊儿童被诊断患有听力损失.
- 护理人员对社区查的支持很高 (96%),但在医疗机构的随访出席率仅为49.1%.
- 随访的常见障碍包括工作承诺,漫长的等待时间,错误的沟通和COVID-19的中断.
结论:
- 由社区卫生工作者 (CHWs) 促进的社区听力查在LMICs中是有效的.
- 通过改善可访问性和文化敏感的沟通来解决后续护理的障碍是必不可少的.
- 优先考虑护理人员的关注和教育,可以提高计划的有效性,改善听力健康结果.
相关概念视频
01:30Community Based Intervention
28
Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...
28
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
172
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
172