细胞外囊泡的明显水平基因传输潜力与海洋息地的病毒样颗粒相比
Steven J Biller1, M Gray Ryan2, Jasmine Li2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA. sbiller@wellesley.edu.
Nature communications
|March 3, 2025
概括
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 和类似病毒的粒子 (VLPs) 携带DNA,影响横向基因转移 (HGT). 在EV和VLP之间的DNA分割塑造了海洋生态系统中的微生物进化和HGT网络.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学是一种遗传学.
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
背景情况:
- 水平基因转移 (HGT) 对微生物进化至关重要.
- 小纳米粒子,包括细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 和病毒样粒子 (VLPs),是DNA传输的关键媒介.
- 在EV和VLP中遗传物质的差异包装在很大程度上仍然没有特征.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较来自北太平洋的EV和VLP的遗传内容.
- 通过不同类型的纳米粒子来研究特定基因的潜在偏好传输.
- 了解纳米粒子介导的DNA转移在微生物HGT中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用长读测序来分析来自 EV 丰富和 VLP 丰富分离亚群的 DNA.
- 将EV和VLP中的遗传多样性和编码功能进行比较.
- 检查了Pelagibacter属内的"移动组" (移动遗传元素和相关DNA).
主要成果:
- 无论是EV还是VLP,都携带来自周围微生物群体的多样化DNA.
- 与染色体DNA相比,这两种粒子类型中的序列都富含移动遗传元素 (MGE).
- 确定了超过7200个不同的染色体碎片和MGE,在EV和VLP之间进行了显著的分区.
结论:
- 显著的纳米粒子含量 (EVs与VLPs) 有助于微生物HGT网络的结构.
- 遗传物质的差异包装影响微生物的进化轨迹.
- 这项研究揭示了对浮游生物生态系统中MGE发现和HGT机制的新见解.
相关概念视频
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
27.0K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
27.0K
Retroviruses
12.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.2K
Overview of Exosomes
2.7K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.7K
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
2.8K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
2.8K
Viral Recombination
23.2K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.2K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
7.8K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.8K


