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低,中,高收入国家对水果和蔬菜摄入量的干预:对证据和知识差距的全面审查

Fusta Azupogo^1,2, Nadia Koyratty³, Taryn J Smith⁴

¹Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Food and nutrition bulletin

|March 4, 2025

概括

全球努力提高水果和蔬菜的摄入量显示混合的结果,健康教育是最常见的策略. 为了获得更好的健康结果,需要更多的特定环境方法.

科学领域:

公共卫生营养公共卫生营养
饮食干预饮食干预
全球卫生研究全球卫生研究

背景情况:

不足够的水果和蔬菜 (F&V) 消费是一个全球性的健康问题,全世界的人口未达到推摄入水平.
了解各种策略的有效性对于开发成功的公共卫生计划来改善饮食习惯至关重要.

研究的目的:

对旨在增加全球水果和蔬菜摄入量的评估干预措施进行全面的范围审查.
确定目标人群,干预策略,研究方法,并总结这些干预措施的评估影响.

主要方法:

自2012年以来出版的PubMed和Web of Science系统的文献搜索,寻找记录饮食摄入水果和/或蔬菜的干预研究,自2012年以来出版.
纳入标准涵盖了所有年龄组,不包括疾病特异性人群; 226 篇文章符合标准,代表了 223 个独特的研究.
主要的研究设计包括随机对照试验 (RCT) 和集群RCT,主要通过食物频率问卷和24小时召回进行饮食评估.

主要成果:

大多数干预措施是在高收入国家进行的,主要针对成人和学龄儿童.
通过各种沟通道进行的健康和营养教育是最常见的干预策略 (75.9%).
在约一半的干预比较中,观察到对水果,蔬菜或联合食品和蔬菜摄入量的积极影响.

结论:

目前的干预措施主要集中在高收入环境中的健康教育上,在改善食物和葡萄酒摄入方面取得了不同程度的成功.
需要具体的背景策略和标准化研究方法来开发可持续和成本有效的干预措施.
未来的努力应该集中在通过改进干预设计和实施来提高饮食质量和健康结果.

关键词:

这是一个比较的比较.摄入的水果和蔬菜摄入量卫生教育健康教育.高收入国家高收入国家.干预策略干预策略低收入和中等收入国家.营养教育营养教育随机对照试验是随机对照试验.

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