发育迟缓儿童的父母在初次咨询中发现的主要投诉:为期10年的全案例研究
Yasuaki Kusumoto1, Eri Takahashi1, Kenji Takaki2
1Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima City, Japan.
PeerJ
|March 4, 2025
概括
这项研究分析了发育迟缓儿童的初始咨询,发现语言发展是最常见的关注点. 性别和年龄等因素影响医疗诊断,突出了需要知情的支持专业人员.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 日本的公共儿童发展支持中心对于初步咨询至关重要,但缺乏广泛的报告.
- 现有的研究往往侧重于私人中心,在了解公共中心服务和家长担忧方面留下了差距.
- 需要全国范围的关于常见家长投诉的数据来为区域支持策略提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 在公共发展支持中心的初始咨询中调查儿童的特征 (性别,年龄) 和转介来源.
- 在这些咨询期间,确定和分析发育迟缓儿童的父母在这些咨询中表达的主要投诉.
- 探索与医疗诊断存在或不存在相关的因素,与父母的投诉有关.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及1,241名儿童发展迟缓 (2至87个月) 的家长的横截面研究,使用了东京的一家公共支持中心.
- 通过关于儿童特征的问卷,参考来源和主要投诉的详细描述收集的数据.
- 统计分析,包括t测试,奇平方测试,费舍尔精确测试和后勤回归,用于比较组并确定重要因素.
主要成果:
- 最常见的主要投诉是"语言发展" (43.9%),其次是"托儿和学前辅导" (15.4%),"过度活跃/不注意" (13.9%),以及"一般发育问题" (13.6%).
- 后勤回归表明,性别,年龄 (几个月) 和一般的发育问题与医学诊断的存在或不存在有显著联系.
- 具体几率比为性别为1.573%,年龄为0.988,一般发育问题为0.421,这表明基于诊断状态的不同模式.
结论:
- 父母在公共发展支持中心寻求初步咨询时,语言发展是他们主要关注的问题.
- 诸如性别,年龄和发育问题的性质等因素会影响孩子是否有医学诊断.
- 儿童发展支持专业人员需要全面了解发展问题和当地系统,以便有效地帮助家庭.
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