超越种族的环境正义:皮肤色调和空气污染的暴露
Sandra Aguilar-Gomez1, Juan Camilo Cardenas1,2, Ricardo Salas Diaz2,3
1Economics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C 111711, Colombia.
概括
肤色是哥伦比亚环境不平等的重要预测因素. 肤色较暗的个体经历了随着时间的推移而增加的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 暴露,扭转了最初的趋势,并突出了迫切的环境正义问题.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 环境正义 环境正义
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 现有的环境不平等研究主要集中在美国和西欧,经常使用可能不完全代表全球南方差异的种族类别.
- 环境退化不成比例地影响边缘化社区,但这种不平等的具体机制和预测因素需要进一步调查,特别是在多样化的人口中.
研究的目的:
- 调查哥伦比亚的皮肤色调和暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 之间的关系,超越传统的民族种族分类.
- 分析与皮肤色相关的环境不平等,特别是关于PM2.5暴露,随着时间的推移而演变.
- 确定导致环境正义差距的因素,并探索潜在的政策干预措施.
主要方法:
- 利用来自哥伦比亚大规模纵向调查的家庭地理位置.
- 将调查数据与基于卫星的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 度估计相匹配.
- 采用统计分析,包括分解分析,以检查皮肤色调,种族自我认同,收入,与火灾有关的污染,集体行动和经济边缘化对PM2.5暴露差异的影响.
主要成果:
- 皮肤色调被发现是初始PM2.5暴露水平和随时间变化的显著预测因素.
- 观察到环境正义差距的逆转:肤色较浅的个人最初面临更高的PM2.5暴露,但到2016年,肤色较深的个人经历了显著更高的暴露.
- 不成比例地暴露于与火灾有关的污染,地方集体行动和经济边缘化部分解释了环境正义的差距,尽管很大一部分仍然无法解释.
结论:
- 肤色是了解哥伦比亚环境不平等的一个关键因素,但经常被忽视.
- 由于PM2.5暴露差异的动态性质,特别是黑人群体的情况恶化,这给环境正义带来了重大挑战.
- 解决环境正义差距的无法解释的组成部分和减轻气候变化加剧的火灾发生率的影响对于防止加深弱势群体的健康负担至关重要.
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