对跨自闭症和精神分裂症谱系障碍的社会认知和神经认知表现的比较分析
Ayesha G Rashidi1,2, Lindsay D Oliver1,3, Iska Moxon-Emre1
1Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
Schizophrenia bulletin
|March 4, 2025
概括
与对照人群相比,自闭症患者和精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SSD) 患者表现出类似的社会认知缺陷. 神经认知在SSD中比自闭症更受影响,这表明跨诊断干预的共享和独特机制.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 社会认知和神经认知缺陷在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SSD) 中普遍存在.
- 以前的研究经常单独检查这些情况,限制了跨诊断的理解.
研究的目的:
- 将社会认知和神经认知表现与大型跨诊断样本进行比较,包括患有自闭症,SSD和典型发育控制 (TDC) 的个人.
- 研究社会认知,神经认知和这些群体内的社会功能之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 包括自闭症患者 (N=100),SSD患者 (N=275) 和TDC患者 (N=209) 在内的16-55岁的大量队列 (N=584) 参与了研究.
- 参与者完成了社会认知任务 (低级和高级),MATRICS共识认知电池,以及社会功能测量.
- 使用非参数组别比较和组内相关性,调整年龄和性别.
主要成果:
- 自闭症个体和SSD个体在社会认知任务上表现比TDC更差,自闭症和SSD群体之间的差异很小.
- 自闭症和SSD组的神经认知分数低于TDC;与自闭症相比,SSD在处理速度,工作记忆和学习方面表现出更大的缺陷.
- 在所有群体中,在社会认知和神经认知之间发现了积极的相关性,同理心与社会功能相关.
结论:
- 这项研究是迄今为止在自闭症/SSD样本中对社会认知和神经认知进行的最大的跨诊断比较.
- 自闭症和SSD组表现出可比的社会认知障碍,但神经认知缺陷在SSD中更为明显.
- 研究结果支持跨诊断研究的必要性,以了解社会认知缺陷并开发有针对性的干预措施.
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