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Updated: May 24, 2025

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Published on: September 18, 2016

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除了LinB以外的haloalkanedehalogenases可以促进γ-hexachlorocyclohexane的利用

Nannan Chen1, Kouhei Kishida1, Leonardo Stari1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
概括

甲脱酶 (HLDs) 可以降解杀虫剂γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) 的作用. 这项研究表明,除了LinB以外的酶,包括祖先变体,也可以利用γ-HCH用于细菌生长.

关键词:
类甲脱基酶 (Haloalkane Dehalogenase) 是一种类甲脱基酶.杀虫剂 农药 杀虫剂斯芬奇蒙纳德斯 (Sphingomonads) 是一个类型的鱼.异种生物的异种生物.γ - 六 хлороциклохексан 的使用.

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Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
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An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
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Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents

In the presence of heat or light, alkanes react with molecular halogens to form alkyl halides by a substitution reaction called radical halogenation. This reaction has three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination, as seen in the radical chlorination of methane to produce methyl chloride.
In the initiation step of the reaction, the chlorine molecule undergoes homolytic cleavage in the presence of light or heat, forming two highly reactive chlorine radicals. Propagation occurs in two...
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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
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Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
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