在艾滋病毒和肺结核发病率高的环境下,儿童的支气管切除
P Juggernath1, K Mopeli1, R Masekela2
1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine
|March 5, 2025
概括
感染后病因是低收入至中等收入国家儿童支气管切除症的最常见原因,特别是在艾滋病毒感染儿童中. 随着诊断的改善,这些地区儿科支气管病变的原因可能会发生变化.
科学领域:
- 儿科肺病学 儿科肺病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 在LMICs的公共卫生.
背景情况:
- 支气管切除症是一种被忽视的慢性肺病,低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的数据有限.
- 在LMIC (后传染性) 和高收入国家 (免疫的先天性错误,状腺功能障碍,囊性纤维化) 之间,病因有所不同.
- 携带艾滋病毒 (CLWH) 的儿童,特别是未接受治疗的儿童,面临着更高的支气管切除风险.
研究的目的:
- 描述气管支气管病患儿童的人口统计,病史,病因学,临床表现和诊断发现.
- 为了比较艾滋病毒感染儿童和艾滋病毒未感染儿童之间的这些特征.
主要方法:
- 在南非约翰内斯堡,对儿童 (<16岁) 进行了为期10年的回顾性描述性研究,CT确认了支气管切除.
- 收集的数据包括人口统计,病史,病因学,临床特征和调查.
- 分析涉及基于艾滋病毒状况的比较.
主要成果:
- 包括91名儿童 (平均年龄为7岁);51%是男性,98%是非洲黑人.
- 携带艾滋病毒 (CLWH) 的儿童在呈现时年龄较大,在CT上更有可能出现衰退,俱乐部,肝炎和多重肺部疾病.
- 感染后的原因,通常是严重下呼吸道感染后,占病例的86%,包括所有CLWH.
结论:
- 感染后的原因是非洲儿童,特别是CLWH中支气管切除症的主要病因.
- 在LMIC中改善诊断访问可能会改变儿科支气管病的观察到的病因格局.
- 需要对风险因素,诊断和随访进行进一步的研究,以告知临床实践和政策.
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