[中国B型肝炎流行病学,预防和治疗方面的最新进展]
1Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; The Nation Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing 100050, China.
概括
中国通过广泛接种疫苗,显著降低了乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染率,避免了数百万人的死亡. 然而,在诊断和治疗覆盖率方面仍然存在挑战,以实现全球消除目标.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 在过去的30年里,中国在慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染方面取得了实质性的减少.
- 乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 的阳性从1992年的9.72%下降到2020年的5.86%.
- 自1992年以来,新生儿疫苗接种已经避免了数百万例感染和死亡,大大降低了儿科HBsAg率,从9.67%降至0.30%.
研究的目的:
- 评估中国慢性乙型肝炎感染的现状.
- 发现诊断和抗病毒治疗覆盖范围的差距.
- 突出中国在实现世界卫生组织2030年病毒性肝炎消除目标方面的战略.
主要方法:
- 分析了随着时间的推移对HBsAg阳性率的国家监测数据.
- 评估感染个体的诊断意识和抗病毒治疗的使用情况.
- 审查最近的公共卫生干预措施和B型肝炎治疗的研发.
主要成果:
- 尽管疫苗接种取得了成功,但中国大约有7500万人仍然患有慢性HBV感染.
- 大约有3000万个人仍未被诊断出来.
- 只有17.33%的有治疗指示的人正在接受抗病毒治疗,这表明治疗缺口很大.
结论:
- 中国的综合性方法,包括更新的指导方针和扩展的治疗,旨在改善诊断和治疗覆盖率.
- 创新疗法的进步为慢性乙型肝炎的功能治疗提供了希望.
- 中国的管理模式为预防和消除乙型肝炎的努力提供了宝贵的全球经验.
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