150万年前的系统骨头工具生产
Ignacio de la Torre1, Luc Doyon2, Alfonso Benito-Calvo3
1Instituto de Historia, CSIC-Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. ignacio.delatorre@csic.es.
Nature
|March 5, 2025
概括
东非早期的原始人在150万年前创新了骨头工具生产,这比之前的估计要早一百万年. 这一发现揭示了石器时代前的复杂骨质技术, 挑战了早期人类工具包的现有观点.
科学领域:
- 古人类学
- 考古学
- 灵长类动物的进化
背景情况:
- 石器技术可以追溯到早期灵长类.
- 骨类技术通常与大约200万年前的后期人类有关.
- 最早的系统骨头工具生产以前仅限于欧洲阿丘雷斯地区 (400-250万年前).
研究的目的:
- 记录和分析来自奥尔杜瓦伊峡谷的新型骨头工具.
- 调查东非早期人类的骨头工具制造技术能力.
- 重新评估早期人类工具包和文化创新的理解.
主要方法:
- 在奥尔杜瓦伊峡谷挖掘单一的平层地平线.
- 分析大型哺乳动物 (河马,大象) 的肢骨碎片.
- 骨文物的技术和形态标准化评估.
主要成果:
- 发现了一大堆 1.5 亿年前的骨头工具.
- 识别各种工具,包括由大型哺乳动物骨头制造的巨型长长的工具.
- 证据表明东非人类将石头结技术转移到骨头上.
结论:
- 在奥尔杜瓦伊峡谷的早期阿丘勒人种开发了标准化骨头工具,证明了原始的文化创新.
- 这一发现将系统骨质技术生产的时间推迟了100多万年.
- 这种复杂的骨头工具制造挑战了关于早期人类技术表现的先前假设.
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