一个语义策略指令干预,旨在提高年轻人和老年人的视觉工作记忆能力
Rebecca Hart1, Louise A Brown Nicholls2
1Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE, UK.
Memory & cognition
|March 5, 2025
概括
语义可用性增强了年轻人的视觉工作记忆,但不是老年人. 策略指令没有提高表现,这表明练习对老年人来说是关键.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类的衰老 人类的衰老
背景情况:
- 视觉刺激的语义可用性或意义性可以影响视觉工作记忆 (VWM).
- 以前的研究表明,语义可用性和VWM性能之间存在积极联系.
- 显式语义策略指令对VWM的影响仍然不太了解,特别是在不同的年龄组.
研究的目的:
- 研究语义可用性对年轻人和老年人的VWM表现的影响.
- 检查语义策略指令对VWM准确性和能力的影响.
- 探索VWM策略使用中的与年龄相关的差异以及语义处理的好处.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项实验,涉及年轻人 (18-35岁) 和老年人 (60-87岁).
- 参与者完成了视觉矩阵识别任务,具有不同程度的语义可用性.
- 提供了语义策略指令,以评估其对绩效的影响,并报告了策略使用情况.
主要成果:
- 更大的语义可用性有利于年轻人的VWM能力,但不是老年人的VWM能力.
- 语义策略指令在任何年龄组都没有显著提高准确性或能力.
- 与老年人相比,年轻人报告了更高的自发使用语义策略,尽管教学可能增加了后者的使用.
结论:
- 在VWM上语义可用性的好处取决于年龄,主要在年轻人中观察到.
- 目前的语义策略指令方法可能不足以提高VWM能力,特别是在老年人中.
- 任务实践和广泛的培训可能对开发和实施有效的语义策略至关重要,以随着时间的推移提高VWM能力.
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