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对比最大力量训练,平衡训练和肌肉耐力训练对游泳特异性表现指标的影响:年轻游泳者的随机并行受控研究

LiuXi Yang¹, BingHong Gao¹, Yu Chen²

¹School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, 200438, Shanghai, China.

Journal of sports science & medicine

|March 6, 2025

概括

最大力量训练 (MST) 和压力训练 (PT) 显著改善了冲刺自由泳的表现,远远超过肌肉耐力训练 (MET). 在精英游泳者中,MST和PT都提高了起跑能力和整体冲刺时间.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
运动生理学运动生理学
游泳表现表现游泳表现表现

背景情况:

优化游泳表现需要有针对性的训练策略.
最大力量训练 (MST),多重度训练 (PT) 和肌肉耐力训练 (MET) 是不同的训练方式.
这些方法对冲刺自由泳的比较影响尚未完全阐明.

研究的目的:

为了比较MST,PT和MET在冲刺自由泳表现上的有效性.
评估这些培训干预措施对起跑表现和整体冲刺时间的影响.
为了确定哪种训练模式能为精英大学游泳运动员带来更好的成绩.

主要方法:

一项随机并行受控研究,涉及27名大学高级游泳运动员.
与MST (80-95% 1RM),PT (最大偏心-集中运动) 和MET (对照) 组进行为期六周的培训干预,每个培训每周两次.
绩效评估包括启动指标 (起飞距离,15米时间) 和游泳测试 (25米,25米冲刺,25米和50米冲刺) 干预前,中间和后.

主要成果:

无论是MST和PT组,在多个绩效指标中,都比MET组显著改善.
MST在起飞距离,15米起飞时间,25米,25米冲刺,25米自由泳和50米自由泳方面比MET有显著的优势.
与MET相比,PT在15米起跑时间,25米,25米中风和50米自由泳方面也取得了显著的改进.

结论:

最大力量训练和压力训练比肌肉耐力训练更有效地提高冲刺自由泳表现.
无论MST和PT都显著改善了冲刺游泳的关键组成部分,包括起跑和整体比赛时间.
虽然没有发现MST和PT干预后的显著差异,但这两种模式都为冲刺游泳运动员提供了相对于传统耐力训练的实质性好处.

关键词:

游泳游泳是一种游泳方式.在干旱地区进行力量训练.阻力训练可以进行阻力训练.运动表现体育表现体育表现运动训练运动训练运动训练

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