概括
偏见显著影响诉讼,导致过度自信和阻碍和解. 问责干预措施,特别是涉及目标国家的干预措施,有望减少法律决策中的这种偏见.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 法律心理学 法律心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 偏见,在评估证据和测试假设时倾向于赞成自己的信仰,在诉讼中很普遍.
- 这种偏见导致对司法判决的预期过高,并降低了民事纠纷解决的可能性.
研究的目的:
- 调查三个干预措施在模拟民事诉讼环境中减轻我的偏见的有效性.
- 确定操纵视角,辩证推理或问责是否可以减少奖励估计和论证评估中的偏见.
主要方法:
- 与法学学生进行了两项实验性研究 (N=164和N=181).
- 干预措施包括采用对方的观点 (侧切换),为双方提出论点 (辩证),并面对估计错误的后果 (目标状态).
- 参与者的奖励估计和论证评级在条件之间进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 基线组在奖励估计和论证评级方面都表现出显著的myside偏差.
- 侧开关干预减少了论点评级的偏差,但没有减少奖励估计.
- 辩证干预只取得了有限的成功,减少了论点评级偏差,但没有奖励估计偏差.
- 目标国家的干预有效地抑制了奖励估计和论证评级的偏见.
结论:
- 诉讼中的偏见是一个强大的现象,很难克服.
- 引入问责制的干预措施,例如目标状态条件,显示了减轻这种偏见的潜力.
- 对基于问责制的策略进行进一步的研究是有必要的,以便在法律环境中实际应用.
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