在单个分子水平上转化机制的组成和调节的亚细胞图
在PubMed上查看摘要
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。新的显微镜和标记工具揭示了细胞内的核糖体组织. 这项研究绘制了核糖体的位置和构成图,揭示了它们在细胞内膜网和线粒体中的蛋白质合成中的作用.
科学领域
- 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学
- 显微镜
背景情况
- 哺乳动物的细胞含有数以百万计的核糖体,
- 目前的工具不足以可视化整个核糖体及其亚细胞组成.
- 了解核糖体的定位和功能对于细胞生物学来说至关重要.
研究的目的
- 开发用于可视化和分析细胞内的核糖体分布和组成的新工具.
- 创建哺乳动物细胞中的核糖体组织的高分辨率地图.
- 研究核糖体在特定细胞区和过程中的作用.
主要方法
- 核糖体扩展显微镜 (RiboExM) 用于可视化个体核糖体.
- 用于检测核糖体组成的光遗传接近标记 (ALIBi).
- 超高分辨率成像以绘制核糖体分布图.
主要成果
- 产生了核糖体的超高分辨率地图, 确定转化热点.
- 观察到60S核糖体子单元在内细胞网 (ER) 附近的丰富.
- 发现线粒体核糖体异质性影响与代谢相关的转录翻译.
- 在神经元中可视化动态核糖体状态 (单体和多体).
结论
- RiboExM和ALIBi为研究核糖体定位和组成提供了前所未有的分辨率.
- Lsg1蛋白在将60S子单元连接到ER和调节翻译方面发挥作用.
- 核糖体异质性存在于线粒体中,并影响特定的基因表达.
- 这些工具为探索细胞转化调节开辟了新的途径.
相关概念视频
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

