黄油和植物油的摄入量和死亡率
Yu Zhang1,2, Katia S Chadaideh2,3, Yanping Li4,5
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA internal medicine
|March 6, 2025
概括
较高的黄油摄入量增加了死亡风险,而植物油降低了死亡风险. 用植物油代替黄油可以显著减少过早死亡,为健康带来重大益处.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 饮食脂肪,特别是黄油和植物油与死亡风险之间的关联需要进一步澄清,因为之前的研究结果不一致.
- 纵向研究对于了解饮食脂肪消费对死亡结果的长期影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查黄油和各种植物油的消费与所有原因,癌症和心血管疾病 (CVD) 死亡率的风险之间的关系,在一大群美国成年人中.
- 为了确定用植物油代替黄油是否会影响死亡风险.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,涉及来自护士健康研究,护士健康研究II和卫生专业人员随访研究的221,054名成年人.
- 饮食摄入量,包括黄油和特定的植物油 (红花,大豆,玉米,甘露,橄),每四年评估一次,使用经过验证的食物频率调查问卷.
- 在长达33年的随访期间,通过国家死亡指数和其他来源收集死亡率数据,包括死亡原因.
主要成果:
- 较高的黄油消费与15%的总死亡率 (HR,1.15) 和较高的癌症死亡率 (HR,1.12) 的风险增加有关.
- 较高的总植物油摄入量与16%的总死亡率风险降低有关 (HR,0.84). 卡诺拉油,大豆油和橄油等特定油与较低的总死亡率有显著的关联.
- 用植物油代替10g/day的黄油与17%的总死亡率 (HR, 0.83) 和17%的癌症死亡率 (HR, 0.83) 的降低有关.
结论:
- 增加黄油消费与总死亡率和癌症死亡率的风险增加有关.
- 较高的植物油摄入量,特别是焦油,大豆和橄油,与总死亡率,癌症和心血管疾病死亡率的降低有关.
- 在饮食中用植物油取代黄油可能会提供显著的保护性益处,防止过早死亡.
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