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Updated: May 24, 2025

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells
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Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Published on: August 13, 2010

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雌激素影响类切换记忆B细胞的频率只有在具有两个X染色体的人类

Hannah Peckham1,2,3, Anna Radziszewska1,2, Justyna Sikora4

  • 1Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH , London, UK.

The Journal of experimental medicine
|March 6, 2025
PubMed
概括

性激素会影响免疫细胞水平,特别是在女性中. 雌激素对类切换记忆B细胞产生影响,但仅在具有XX染色体背景的个体中,突出显示了激素和染色体之间的相互作用.

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Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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X-linked Traits01:19

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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
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