一个共享的威胁预测电路在不同时刻被特定和不确定的威胁动态地启动
Brian R Cornwell1, Paige R Didier2, Shannon E Grogans2
1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20006.
概括
恐惧和焦虑共享大脑电路,对于某些和不确定的威胁有不同的激活模式. 中部扩展杏仁体 (EAc) 和其分部显示不确定威胁的持续活动和某些威胁的相爆发.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 情感科学是一种情感科学.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 恐惧和焦虑是不同的情绪状态,具有不同的时间动态:恐惧是阶段性 (即将发生的威胁),而焦虑是持续的 (不确定的威胁).
- 这些独特的时间动态,特别是扩展桃体 (EAc) 内的神经生物学基础仍在争论中.
- 现有的模型通常根据威胁的确定性和接近性来区分恐惧和焦虑,但神经相关的经验验证正在进行中.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类预期恐惧和焦虑背后的神经回路和时间动态.
- 为了澄清在威胁处理中,结体 (BST) 床核和杏仁体 (Ce) 中央核的不同和重叠的作用.
- 检查神经激活模式和威胁预测期间的主观情绪体验之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 在220名成年人中使用了与翻译相关的范式.
- 使用理论驱动的建模方法来分析fMRI数据,专注于特定的大脑区域,包括EAc,周水管灰色,中环和前半岛.
- 定义了感兴趣的解剖区域,以比较EAC的BST和Ce分区的激活动态.
主要成果:
- 在预测确定的和不确定的威胁时,一个共享的神经回路,包括EAc,近水管灰色,中和前面的岛屿,被招募.
- 这个电路显示了对不确定的远距离威胁的持续高激活,以及某些迫在眉的威胁之前的短暂激活爆发.
- 无论是BST还是Ce,都表现出统计上类似的威胁动态,对不确定的威胁有持续的反应,对某些威胁有阶段性的反应,挑战了一些现有的模型.
结论:
- 恐惧和焦虑的神经生物学涉及一个共享的电路,具有独特的时间激活模式,反映了威胁特征.
- BST和Ce在威胁预测中发挥着类似的作用,表现出支持持续焦虑和阶段性恐惧反应的动态.
- 这些发现为威胁引起的情绪的神经基础提供了新的见解,并为未来的临床研究提供了基础.
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