听力序列学习与退化输入:与来自低和高社会经济背景的儿童相比,带有耳植入物的儿童 ("自然效应") 和来自低和高社会经济背景的儿童 ("培养效应")
Shira Cohen1, Ronen Perez2, Liat Kishon-Rabin3
1The Department of Communication Disorders, Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Scientific reports
|March 6, 2025
概括
隐式序列学习 (SL) 能够抵御听觉和语言输入的退化. 低社会经济地位 (SES) 儿童的环境剥夺对语音处理产生了负面影响,突出显示了早期干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 隐式序列学习 (SL) 对于语言学习至关重要.
- 语言延迟发生在有机和非有机缺陷的儿童中,包括听力损失和低社会经济地位 (SES).
- 耳植入物 (CI) 的儿童语言技能的变化表明听觉输入 (性质) 降低可能会影响SL.
研究的目的:
- 研究自然 (听觉输入质量) 与培养 (环境因素) 对听觉SL的影响.
- 为了比较正常听力 (NH),CI儿童和来自低SES背景的NH儿童的SL能力.
- 确定年龄和认知能力对听觉SL的影响.
主要方法:
- 100名参与者被分为四组:NH儿童,年轻人,CI儿童 (高中度SES) 和NH儿童 (低SES).
- 参与者使用语音和环境声音完成了两个串行反应时间 (SRT) 任务.
- 进行认知测试以评估认知能力.
主要成果:
- 在所有组中,SL在言语和非言语刺激中都很明显,这表明SL的弹性.
- 绝对反应时间 (RT) 在组和刺激类型之间有效区分.
- NH组表现出更长的RT语音与环境声音;CI组没有显示这种差异.
- 低SES儿童表现出最长的语音刺激RT,表明语言剥夺的负面影响.
结论:
- 听力SL是强大的,不仅限于语音处理.
- 年龄是影响SL的主要因素,其次是认知能力.
- 早期的,有针对性的语音处理干预对于在关键发育时期的低SES儿童至关重要.
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