移动组介导的特异化:基因组洞察力到横向的基因转移在methanosarcina
Sivashanmuga Vadivel Saranya1, R Prathiviraj1, Paulchamy Chellapandi1
1Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Journal of basic microbiology
|March 7, 2025
概括
水平基因转移 (HGT) 驱动微生物的物种化. 这项研究表明,从细菌转移的移动体元素塑造了Metanosarcina的进化,使适应和分歧成为可能.
科学领域:
- 微生物进化 微生物进化
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 规格 规格 规格 规格
背景情况:
- Prokaryotic 变种受遗传交换的影响,特别是横向基因转移 (HGT).
- 移动体,包括等离子体,转子体和菌体,在微生物适应和基因组分离中起着至关重要的作用.
- 了解移动组的动态是解读微生物进化和物种化过程的关键.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究细菌和Methanosarcina之间的移动体的进化过渡.
- 通过HGT.识别Methanosarcina物种通过HGT.获得的关键移动组元素.
- 阐明移动体介导基因流在Methanosarcina物种化和适应中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对Methanosarcina acetivorans,M. barkeri,M. mazei和M. siciliae.进行了遗传学和进化分析.
- 通过HGT.获得的移动组元素 (等离子体,转子体,菌体) 的识别.
- 对与适应相关的移动组相关基因的分析 (例如,抗生素耐药性,应激反应).
主要成果:
- 关键的移动组元素是Methanosarcina通过HGT.从远距离相关的细菌物种中获得的.
- 获得的移动遗传元素对基因组可塑性和适应多种环境做出了重大贡献.
- 确定了参与抗生素耐药性,DNA修复和压力反应的移动组相关基因,这表明它们在生态物种化中的作用.
结论:
- 来自细菌的移体介导基因流一直是Methanosarcina属内的基因组分离和物种化的重要驱动因素.
- 获得和整合移动遗传元素使得Methanosarcina能够适应各种生态.
- 这项研究强调了移动体在微生物进化,适应和物种化过程中的关键作用.
相关概念视频
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
7.8K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.8K
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
27.0K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
27.0K
Bacterial Transformation
55.0K
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
55.0K
Hybrid Zones
16.7K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
16.7K
DNA-only Transposons
14.3K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.3K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
43.3K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.3K


