在两个自我意识任务中比较黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes) 和大猩猩 (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) 的表现
Lisa-Claire Vanhooland1,2, Constanze Mager3, Aurora Teuben4
1Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
American journal of primatology
|March 7, 2025
概括
这项研究探索了黑猩猩和大猩猩的自我意识,使用镜子自我识别和身体作为障碍任务. 这两种物种在身体作为障碍的任务中表现相似,这表明它可能比镜子测试提供更一致的自我意识衡量标准.
科学领域:
- 比較心理學 比較心理學
- 认知行为学认知行为学.
- 动物认知动物的认知能力.
背景情况:
- 镜子自我识别 (MSR) 任务是研究动物自我意识的常见问题,但有局限性.
- 这些局限性包括高个体间的变化,依赖单一的感觉模式,以及离散的通过/失败结果.
- 需要评估自我意识的不同方面的替代方法,以获得更细致的理解.
研究的目的:
- 用身体作为障碍物 (BAO) 任务调查黑猩猩和大猩猩的身体自我意识.
- 在这些物种中,将BAO任务的性能与传统的镜子自我识别 (MSR) 任务进行比较.
- 探索MSR和BAO任务执行之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对黑猩猩和大猩猩进行了镜子自我识别 (MSR) 和身体作为障碍物 (BAO) 任务.
- 黑猩猩已经建立了MSR证据,而大猩猩有混合的结果,使它们成为比较研究的理想选择.
- 分析了两个任务中的个人表现,以确定相关性.
主要成果:
- 黑猩猩的镜子自我识别 (MSR) 在黑猩猩之间有所不同,这与之前的研究一致.
- 黑猩猩和大猩猩在身体作为障碍物 (BAO) 任务中表现相似.
- 在MSR和BAO任务的个人表现之间没有发现显著的相关性.
结论:
- 与MSR相比,身体作为障碍 (BAO) 任务可以提供更一致的测量大猿的身体自我意识.
- 研究结果表明,不同的自我意识任务可能会触及不同的认知能力.
- 这项BAO任务为研究非人类动物的自我意识提供了一个有希望的替代范式.
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