神经成像洞察肺部疾病相关的大脑变化:从结构到功能
Miao He1, Yubo Liu1, Zhongtian Guan1
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience
|March 7, 2025
概括
肺部疾病显著改变大脑结构和功能,影响认知和运动技能. 神经成像显示了COPD,COVID-19和肺癌等疾病中明显的脑部变化,突出显示了肺-大脑轴.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
- 神经学 神经学
背景情况:
- 人们越来越认识到肺部疾病会影响大脑结构和功能,导致神经和认知缺陷.
- 肺-大脑轴,肺和中枢神经系统之间的复杂相互作用,通过包括神经成像在内的各种途径进行探索.
- 现有研究强调,需要对各种肺部疾病中神经成像发现进行全面的概述.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查和分类神经成像研究,检查肺部疾病和大脑结构/功能之间的关系.
- 讨论慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD),COVID-19和肺癌中观察到的大脑变化的不同模式.
- 分析病理机制,临床意义,局限性以及该领域未来的研究方向.
主要方法:
- 系统地对现有的肺病研究进行整理和分类,重点是神经成像,特别是磁共振成像 (MRI).
- 分类为四种类型:COPD,COVID-19,肺癌和其他肺部疾病.
- 讨论观察到的结构,功能和认知变化,以及病理机制和临床相关性.
主要成果:
- 在COPD中神经影像显示了额叶变化 (灰质缩,白质损伤,输液减少).
- COVID-19患者表现出微型出血和神经炎症,嗅觉连接的大脑区域发生显著变化.
- 肺癌相关的大脑变化与治疗毒性有关,影响皮下结构;癌症疼痛与运动/视觉网络超连接性相关.
结论:
- 肺部疾病诱导多样化和特定的神经成像变化,强调关键的肺-大脑轴.
- 目前的研究面临着一些局限性,包括样本规模小,标准化标准不齐,以及缺乏纵向数据.
- 未来的研究应该专注于人工智能驱动的生物标志物开发,纵向多中心研究,以及理解神经调节策略的系统效应.
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