针对神经发育障碍的不同遗传可能性的婴儿早期技能概况的表征
1University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Infant behavior & development
|March 8, 2025
概括
婴儿中自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的早期症状包括社会沟通和注意力差异. 然而,类似的注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的早期行为标志物尚未在婴儿中检测到.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿科精神病学 儿科精神病学
背景情况:
- 婴儿在社会沟通,注意力和运动领域的行为可以表明早期的神经分歧,如ADHD或ASD.
- 婴儿早期多动症预测因子的研究比ASD少,尽管老年儿童的情况相似.
- 早期诊断ASD和ADHD对于及时干预和支持至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查家长报告的12个月大婴儿的社会沟通,注意力和运动特征,这些婴儿具有ASD (EL-ASD) 和ADHD (EL-ADHD) 的基因可能性较高.
- 为了将这些概况与患有任何一种疾病的低遗传概率 (LL) 的婴儿进行比较.
- 识别潜在的早期行为标志物,使这些婴儿群体区分开来.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自沟通和象征性行为尺度 - 护理人员问卷 (CSBS-CG),第一年库存 (FYI) 和早期运动问卷 (EMQ) 的父母报告的数据.
- 在三个组中比较了父母的反应:EL-ASD,EL-ADHD和LL.婴儿.
- 专注于社会技能,注意力和运动发展结构.
主要成果:
- 与LL和EL-ADHD婴儿相比,EL-ASD婴儿在父母报告的社交技能和注意力 (特别是响应和启动社交注意力) 上得分明显较低.
- FYI的注意力测量还捕捉了社交沟通方面,影响了观察到的差异.
- 在社会沟通,运动或注意力技能方面,没有发现EL-ADHD和LL婴儿之间的显著差异,这表明这些差异在婴儿时期并不容易被检测出来.
结论:
- 父母报告的社会沟通和注意力差异可以在患有自闭症的基因可能性较高的婴儿中检测到.
- 患有ADHD的基因可能性较高的婴儿与典型发育的婴儿之间的可观察到的行为差异在生命的第一年并不明显.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解婴儿期ADHD的发育轨迹和早期指标.
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